Some states claim to be principalities but are not recognised by other countries: … "They're very harsh times economically and health wise around the world due to Covid and we're feeling that too.". [62] Although he and the cabinet never officially adopted the proposal, there was a decree stating that any constitution would be in effect while under consideration, except for any clauses that conflict with the bill of rights, so the proposal essentially became a provisional constitution.[59]. Its government granted visas and driver's licenses, issued passports and currency, produced its own stamps, flew its own flag and reportedly operated 13 foreign offices in 10 different countries, including the US and France. The Principality of Hutt River was dramatically created on April 21, 1970, and covers just 75sqkm of remote Western Australia with a population of 23. This is a separatist movement that creates its own country and separates from, say, Australia. The principality claimed to be an independent sovereign state founded on 21 April 1970. The Principality of Hutt River is located in Western Australia but is not part of Australia. None, however, are as renowned as the Principality of Hutt River -- also known as Hutt River Province -- which has created headlines across the world for the past 50 years. The Hutt River Dollar was pegged at a one-to-one ratio with the Australian Dollar. Fifty years since declaring its sovereignty from the rest of the country, one of Australia's most well-known micronations is to be dissolved. [citation needed], In 1970 and 1984, Prince Leonard unsuccessfully defended civil legal actions brought against him by private parties – in the former case an injunction was granted against him in relation to a land deal; in the latter case he was ordered to pay debts owed to a publishing company he had contracted to print copies of a book called The Man, which was about himself and his achievements. as tax havens were authorised to act as a registered agent for PHR incorporations. [16], In 2008, the Council of the European Union issued a memorandum identifying Hutt River passports among known "fantasy passports ... issued by private organisations and individuals" to which a visa should not be affixed. [20] He also repeatedly claimed that he was classed by the ATO as a "non-resident of Australia for income tax purposes" and did not pay tax. Prince Leonard did not suggest in these cases that he was not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of Australia. Hutt River's origins as a micronation date back to 1970, when the late Prince Leonard Casley claimed he'd exploited a legal loophole to create the principality in an isolated part of Western Australia, 500 kilometers (310 miles) north of state capital Perth. The short state of war between the principality and Australia was a scheme whereby the Prince's purpose was to argue that, under the Geneva Treaty Convention of 12 August 1949, a government should show full respect to a nation undefeated from a state of war. [18], At about this time, Leonard Casley styled himself "His Majesty Prince Leonard I of Hutt". In 2007, the High Court of Australia dismissed an application by Casley for leave to appeal against a judgment against him relating to his son Leonard's failure to file tax returns. When Prince Leonard died in February last year he left behind a US$2.15 million tax bill, which forced his son and successor, Prince Graeme Casley, to announce last week the principality would sell its land to pay the debt. [60] Concerned that Hutt River registrations "may be sold as part of a tax avoidance or evasion arrangement", in April 2012 the Australian Taxation Office warned potential purchasers that the registrations have no legal basis and "could be illegal". Casley said that he nonetheless remained loyal to Queen Elizabeth II. However, to take the Coastal route you might just miss seeing The Principality of Hutt River. Australia has spawned far more micronations than most countries. These coins are known as "holey dollars". She was the patroness and chair of the board of directors of the Red Cross of Hutt, a parallel organisation to the International Red Cross.[67]. The Principality's owned land will be sold off to settle the tax dispute. A family of Australian residents could no longer afford to pay taxes, and after litigation over a mortgage and being Inspired by the Principality of Hutt River, they did legal research and came to the conclusion that forming a country would be completely legal under Australian law, and they thus declared independence on 2 September 2003.. The Principality of Hutt River, previously known as the Hutt River Province, is the oldest micronationin Australia. 3.The Passport as used by the persons claiming to be Principality Citizens are valid. When he learned the Australian government was pursuing the principality over unpaid taxes, he reportedly consulted his own government and, rather than pay, decided to declare war. Hutt River Province Principality is situated 595 kilometers (370 mi) north of Perth and covers an area of about 75 square kilometers (30 mi^2). But the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, coupled with a giant tax bill, have forced the principality to announce it will finally surrender to Australia. [citation needed], After 2 September 2004, Hutt River Province/Principality accepted company registrations. From 1984 to 1989, Johnson Matthey Refining, Rochester, New York, a manufacturer of precious metal products, manufactured limited numbers of commemorative coins for Mel Wacks, who had been appointed exclusive American distributor by Leonard Casley. Hutt River had two sovereign princes over its 50 year existence, Leonard Casley, Prince Leonard, and Graeme Casley, Prince Graeme, its last. In the 1970s, Kevin Gale was hired to manage the marketing of Principality coins and stamps. Casley claimed that this constitutes legally binding recognition of the principality. He worked for a shipping company based in Perth, although he left school at 14, and described himself as a mathematician and physicist; he also claimed to have written articles for NASA. The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, was a micronation in Australia. In recent years, however, it's been known as a quirky tourist attraction. Micronations are entities that claim to be sovereign states but aren't legally considered independent, as opposed to microstates like Vatican City, which have internationally recognized sovereignty. The Principality of Hutt River, previously known as the Hutt River Province, is the oldest micronation in Australia. It was dissolved on 3 August 2020. From 1989 to 1995, the mint produced various themed commemorative Hutt River Province coins which were sold on the US market. [37][45] The Australian government noted that Casley "has used the document in various countries in the past and even sent a copy of it to Senator Evans in 1993". The Principality of Hutt River … Join us on a 12-month journey to see them all, Masters of micronations: Meet people who started their own tiny countries, Australia hotel bans rowdy emus for bad behavior, New Zealand's star tourism attraction struggles as visitors stay away post-Covid. Coins of the same design were struck again in 1978, without the inscription "Queen's Jubilee".[26]. He replied, "only that Prince Leonard is an enigma. [20] Casley believed that under Australian law the federal government had two years to respond to Casley's declaration of sovereignty. While normally such acts would be considered moot and void on inception, for some reason, this case was different. The principality claimed to be an independent sovereign state, founded on 21 April 1970. The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, was a micronation in Australia. "His Royal Highness Prince Leonard I of Hutt" was the style used by Casley from the creation of the Principality until his death. Location : Within the Australian state of West Australia about two hours north of Geraldton. It was about 75.9 square kilometres (29.3 sq mi; 18,800 acres) in size. The judge said that their argument of sovereignty "has no legal merit or substance. It had an area of 75 square kilometres (29 sq mi), making it larger than several independent countries. In 2010, the Principality issued a $30 gold- and silver-plated brass coin to mark the 40th anniversary of independence. 2.Prince Leonard of Hutt River Province is a person exempted in the Australian Law from Taxation under the current guidelines. [14][33], The Principality had no legal status as a matter of Australian law. Exports include wildflowers, agricultural produce, stamps and coins. So how did an Independent Sovereign State come to exist in rural Western Australia? The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, was a micronation in Australia. [50] In 2010, Brendon Grylls, Western Australian Minister for Regional Development and Lands, was asked if his state had a "position" on the principality. [8][29][30], In June 2017, Prince Leonard was ordered by the Supreme Court of Western Australia to pay $2.7 million unpaid tax, and Arthur Casley was ordered to pay $242,000 unpaid tax. [51] He is the subject of a permanent exhibit at the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. Leonard Casley founded the Principality of Hutt River in 1970. At this point, Casley claimed that international law allowed them to secede and declare independence from the Commonwealth of Australia. Although actual residents are very few, the principality claims a world-wide citizenry of 13,000 individuals. The court dismissed Casley's application and found that his arguments were "fatuous, frivolous, and vexatious. Four denominations of coins, 5c, 10c, 20c and 50c, were issued from 1976 to 1978, but the 1978 issue was a proof only issue. The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, is an unrecognized micronation in Australia.The principality claims to be an independent sovereign state founded on 21 April 1970. The principality claimed to be an independent sovereign state, founded on 21 April 1970. While Prince Leonard originally decided to secede from Australia over his disagreement with farming regulations, he turned the principality into a unique tourist attraction, with visitors arriving to buy passports, currency and stamps. "[42][43] An appeal to the Court of Appeal was dismissed. With a number of potential sons and daughters, the successor was nominated by Casley and approved by a crown committee. "Unusual World Coins", by Colin R. Bruce, Krause Publications, 2005, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 15:02. Principality of Hutt River, the other country within Australia Between Geraldton and Kalbarri on the coast of Western Australia is a beautiful scenic drive past some of Australia’s most magnificent yet rugged coastline. Casley told CNN Travel he was devastated to dissolve the micronation. [citation needed], Two weeks later, Casley claimed the government introduced a bill into Parliament to "resume" his and the other families' lands under compulsory acquisition laws. [citation needed] The principality released a number of stamps and coins. [20][26], In about 2006, the Prince was again successfully prosecuted by the ATO. The Principality of Hutt River is one of the few micronations that actually shows up on Google Maps. [citation needed]. A few years later, Casley began styling himself as "Prince Leonard" and granting family members royal titles, although he did not include the word "principality" in the official name until 2006. "It's very sad watching your father build up something for 50 years and then you have to close it down," said Casley. "[51], From 1984 to 2010, Australian diplomatic missions in 28 countries exchanged 120 diplomatic cables with Australia concerning activities relating to the Principality. How he intended to wage battles was not clear, given the Royal Hutt River Defence Force was not established until 11 years later. Tourism was one of Hutt River's key sources of income, particularly over the past 15 years, as the Internet helped spread its odd tale across the world. [57], The Principality was situated 517 km (321 mi) north of Perth, along the Hutt River. The territory was located 517 km (354 mi) north of Perth, near the town of Northampton in the state of Western Australia. The Hutt River Province then had a population of 12. A principality (sometimes also called princedom) is a country which is ruled by a prince or princess.Principalities were common in the Middle Ages.Some principalities that still remain today are Andorra, Monaco and Liechtenstein.Examples of subnational principalities are Asturias (Spain).. It is located on a large farming … Principality coins were issued from 1976 to 2000, then from 2007 to 2018. [61] Hutt River also allowed car registrations, including issuing licence plates to overseas vehicles. ", by Karen Valenti, 17 February 2003. Named after Prince Leonard's wife, it displayed findings relating to religion and physics and was established with the help of academics of the principality's "Royal College of Advanced Research". The territory is located 517 km (354 mi) north of Perth, near the town of Northampton in the state of Western Australia. The Hong Kong Registry, however, were looking at reviewing their list of accredited places for company incorporation after the issue was raised in an adverse manner by Australian media. History. In 2010, Helena … The Principality claimed that all social security benefits were withdrawn from Hutt River's residents at the time of secession by the Australian government. This giant bust of Prince Leonard was carved from rock by a Canadian artist. The principality claims to be an independent sovereign state. Prince Leonard's war against Australia lasted only a few days, and this brazen show of force did nothing to deter the Australian Taxation Office. [37], Prince Leonard claimed that the ATO sent him a tax demand in 2012 to which he simply responded with a document stating that he was a "foreign national and non-resident of Australia". 1. [7][18][19] From this time on Casley asserted that the Principality had successfully seceded from Australia. Most of the land is used for farming but they also have a town site called Nain. Leonard argued that he resided in the "Hutt River Province" and that it is not part of Australia and not subject to Australian taxation law. "Once mum passed away (in 2013) I spent five years full time working alongside my father and it was more than just a father-son relationship we had a very deep working relationship. In recent years, however, it's been known as a quirky tourist attraction. Independent State. Prince Leonard authorised all these coins and received samples as well as royalties. Casley did this because he believed it would enable him to take advantage of the British Treason Act of 1495, which provides that the de facto king of a nation cannot be guilty of treason in relation to any act against the lawful king and that anyone who interfered with that monarch's duties could be charged with treason. [58] The Principality had no standing army, but a number of its citizens were awarded military commissions. In 1989, production was transferred to the Continental Coin Company (in California). [11][12], In December 2019 the principality announced that it would close its borders and cease its external government services as of 31 January 2020, until further notice. [24][25], In the early 1980s, the principality declared itself to be a kingdom, but soon reverted to its original status of a principality. The Principality of Hutt River is what is known as a micro nation. The Principality introduced a set of low denomination banknotes in 1974. Principality of Hutt River, Western Australia: See 35 reviews, articles, and 40 photos of Principality of Hutt River, ranked No.780 on Tripadvisor among 2,243 attractions in … Most coins of later series have specific commemorative topics and are usually made of precious metal. The clumsy language, including a Malapropian use of 'a mute point' gives it away for what it is, a poorly attempted forgery."[37]. Today we did an interesting trip out from Kalbarri to the Principality of Hutt River, which is an Independent Sovereign State having seceded from Australia on the 21/4/1970 It is a very interesting story and worth reading the following posts if you haven't heard of this place. There was currency, too. Visitors could buy and spend the Hutt River dollar, which was traded one-to-one for the Australian dollar. It reads in part: "I am to convey Her Majesty's good wishes to you and to all concerned for a most enjoyable and successful celebration on 23rd and 24th of April to mark the forty-sixth anniversary of the Principality of Hutt River." It was not recognised as a country by the Australian Government nor any other national government, and the High Court of Australia and Supreme Court of Western Australia rejected submissions arguing that it was not subject to Australian laws.[4]. [46] The Australian Government also told foreign governments, "We have seen the purported 'Department of Territories Minute' before. Some commentary at the time had expected his older son, Ian, to be the successor. [34][35] Passports issued by the principality were not recognised by the Australian government. Our borders will be closed to all (including tourists) and all government external services will cease at close of business Friday 31 January 2020 until further notice. [22], On 2 December 1977 the principality declared war on Australia. The minting of coins recommenced in 2007 with 1000 $30 coins in .999 fine gold-plated brass to celebrate the 60th wedding anniversary of Leonard and Shirley Casley, a $5 nickel-plated zinc alloy "Lest We Forget" coin, and a set depicting the armorial bearings of Casley and his four sons, a $10 coin for Casley and $5 coins for his sons all minted in nickel-plated, zinc alloy. The souvenir shop at the Principality of Hutt River in Western Australia. The walls of these buildings were also adorned by documents, news clippings and photos related to the principality and its history -- including the time in 1977 when Prince Leonard declared war against Australia. [35] Leonard made unverified claims that they have been accepted on some occasions by some unspecified foreign countries,[36] but there was a documented instance of a man being arrested in Germany for attempting to use a Hutt River Province "diplomatic passport". He attempted to secede from Australia over a dispute concerning wheat production quotas. There was also a silver $30 coin and a gold $100 coin, struck only in proof. Although the total number of coins minted is unknown, it is known that 10,000 $20 coins were minted in 1991 to mark the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. [16], Casley lodged a court claim in tort against the Governor for A$52 million in the hope the claim would force a revision of the quota. Up to 200 different commemorative coins in three denominations each ($5, $10 and $20) are believed to have been minted to commemorate Desert Storm, World War II, The Fathers of Baseball, etc. ", There's a perfect beach for every week of the year. [16] The Casley farm had around 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) of wheat ready to harvest when the quotas were issued, which allowed Casley to sell only 1,647 bushels or approximately 40 hectares (99 acres). When the Principality seceded, a bill of rights, a brief document outlining the rights of "Hutt River" citizens, was drafted. [56], In April 2016, the Principality received a letter from Queen Elizabeth II which communicated the Queen's good wishes on the anniversary of the founding of the Principality 46 years ago, on 21 April 1970. He sought special leave to appeal to the High Court of Australia, but his application was dismissed with the comment that his arguments were "fatuous, frivolous and vexatious". [20][36][51], While the Principality had only 23 residents, it claimed a worldwide citizenry of 14,000. [20][38][39][40][41] In 2017, however, Justice Le Miere of the Supreme Court of Western Australia ordered Leonard to pay more than A$2.7 million in unpaid taxes, and Arthur Casley to pay more than A$242,000 in unpaid taxes. The principality was a regional tourist attraction until it announced it was closed to tourists after 31 January 2020. The Governor did not assist. "What he created here over the last 50 years is amazing, it's really a unique story that people around the world have read about, and it won't just be forgotten about now. However, the Act can be used to isolate them by requirement of visa’s. It is unrecognized except by other micronations, but got de facto legal status on 21 April 1972. Casley formed the Principality of Hutt River (which he originally called the “Hutt River Province”), a landlocked micronation consisting of his 75 square kilometers of land located about 500 km north of Perth. "[32], On 3 August 2020 the Principality was formally dissolved, amidst disputes with the Australian Taxation Office demanding the Principality pay millions in unpaid taxes across its 50-year history. Over recent decades, dozens of its citizens have declared independence from Australia, and set up their own nation within a nation. [7] The micronation was founded on 21 April 1970 when Leonard Casley declared his farm to be an independent country, the Hutt River Province. Citizens of Principality do not pay taxes to Australia and they are non-resident in Australia (claimed by Australia). [55] Casley stated the man had no diplomatic standing in the Principality and had only made a single visit to the province. [31], In December 2019, citing declining revenue from agriculture as well as a drop in tourist numbers, the Principality issued a media release to announce that it would be closing its borders with effect from 31 January 2020. When Casley declared himself "Prince", the administration board clause lost effect and the Hutt River Principality became an absolute monarchy, with a legislation committee to draft new legislation. Since the principality’s founding, the Australian government has been somewhat ambivalent over its legal position. The ATO continued to pursue the Principality over unpaid bills, which belatedly prompted its surrender last week. At least one company experienced in the registration of entities in traditional offshore jurisdictions (British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands etc.) "[This quote needs a citation] Again, there is no support for this theory. And then there was the Royal Art Collection, made up of 300 pieces scattered through these buildings, as well a giant bust of Prince Leonard, carved from rock by a Canadian artist. [21] It may be more than coincidence that this declaration of war came in just a few months after a court decision where Casley was fined for failing to furnish the ATO with certain documents. [23] Casley did not suggest his land was not subject to Australian law in this appeal. [63], Casley was married to Shirley (née Butler) until her death on 7 July 2013,[64] when the Principality went into a period of mourning, closing some of its services. The chapel contains numerous paintings of early Galilee and surrounds. ", "End of an empire: Hutt River to rejoin Australia after 50 years", "The Principality of Hutt River: A Territory Marooned in the Western Australian Outback", "Wheatbelt Royals: the future of the Principality of Hutt River", "Prince Leonard is handing over control of Australia's oldest micronation", "Hutt River Principality: Monarch of Australia's oldest micro-nation considers passing baton to heir", "Australia's oldest micro-nation founders ordered to pay $3m tax bill", "Hutt River Province to rejoin Commonwealth after 50-year stand-off", "Australian Government Does Not Recognise The Hutt River Province", Micronation Master: Prince Leonard of Hutt River, "Micronation Master: Prince Leonard of Hutt River", "Diplomatic documents regarding the Hutt River Province released under FOI laws", Rewards for Rebellion: Tiny Nation and Crown for Life, "Separation – National Museum of Australia", "The people who create their own 'countries, "Information concerning known fantasy and camouflage passports", "Some like it hutt but others beg to differ", "Hutt River 'ambassador' accused of conning people", "This 46-year-old Australian micronation has finally been recognised by Buckingham Palace", "Offshore Financial And Legal Consultant", Development of Asset Protection Structures, "Aggressive Tax Planning: 'Hutt River Province' and international business companies", "Principality of Hutt River Constitution, Rev 01", "Hutt River's 'princess' Shirley Casley dies aged 85", "Hutt River principality princess dies peacefully", This 46-year-old Australian micronation has finally been recognised by Buckingham Palace, "Eternity" exhibition, National Museum of Australia, "Prince Leonard", ABC TV transcript, 2003, Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Hutt_River&oldid=994975536, States and territories established in 1970, States and territories disestablished in 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, In 2005, the Shire of Northampton listed the principality as having "high historic and social significance as the site of Australia's only independent principality.". The Principality of Hutt River (PHR) is an Independent Sovereign State having seceded from Australia on the Twenty First Day of April 1970 and is comparable in size to Hong Kong, though the Principality is larger in physical size than many countries such as Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, and Nauru to name but a few. For many visitors, just getting a Hutt River Principality stamp in their passport made the trip worthwhile. Tourism was also important to the economy with 40,000 tourists, predominantly from overseas countries, visiting the principality every year. Well, the story behind Hutt River is very interesting indeed. It also provided for an administration board to govern the principality until a permanent form of government could be established. 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